Pregnancy-Related Hypertension and Postpartum Mental Health: An Integrated Review

Abstract

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Emerging evidence highlights a significant association between HDP and maternal mental health, particularly anxiety. This review summarizes current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of HDP, with emphasis on its interaction with psychological factors. Physiological adaptations during pregnancy complicate the diagnosis and management of hypertension. Anxiety-related neuroendocrine, inflammatory, and autonomic mechanisms may contribute to the development and progression of HDP. In addition to adverse pregnancy outcomes, HDP is associated with long-term cardiovascular risk. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach combining pharmacological therapy with psychological interventions. Early identification and integrated care strategies may improve both maternal and neonatal outcomes. Long-term follow-up is essential for reducing future cardiovascular risk in affected women.